>>384215I haven't actually read Hegel but I'll try. This board seems nice.
Hegel is considered the last German idealist, and it is important to understand the path that led to the questions Hegel intended to answer.
The essential problem is how to relate subject and object. We believe that the reality we observe contains patterns,regularities,laws. However, it seems the only basis of this belief can be our perceptions. If we do not confuse the content of our perceptions with our assumptions about them, it becomes clear there is
no possible justification for believing in these regularities. There is
no logical reason at all to believe that the sun will rise tomorrow, just because we remember it has in the past. The contents of perception are free variables, with no necessary relation to the true nature of objects.
Immanuel Kant began German idealism in his attempt to answer this problem as posed by Hume. What he attempted to show is that there are nontrivial
necessary conditions of experience. These necessary conditions would then non-arbitrarily justify belief in a world of objects with knowable properties. Kant finds that space and time, cause and effect, and the division of the world into objects of experience are not properties of the world but inherent to the nature of our perception. But objects of experience are not the same as objects. Kant is left with a remainder of unknowable things-in-themselves (noumena) which remain the actual source of experience, even though all we have access to are the objects of experience (phenomena).
The idealists following Kant recognized that the noumenon could be made redundant. If the world
was the phenomena, there would be no dualism of subject and object, or thought and being, and there would be no noumena remaining if all experience, and all thought, were found to be a necessary outcome of the reason of the Absolute Spirit containing both thought and being. Hegel's project was discovering the process by which Absolute Spirit generates the world through reason alone. This is his dialectical method. It works by rationally working out all the consequences of a system until a contradiction is reached. Then, a
speculative moment occurs in which the contradiction forces Spirit (as a whole) to step out of the closed system to discover a new concept in which the self-contradiction is overcome (sublated). Initially this occurs with abstract conditions of experience, like the dialectic of Being and Nothing and the speculation of Becoming. Later, the process moves into historical time and here we get stuff like the master-slave dialectic and unhappy consciousness, finally leading towards the full self-realization of Spirit in absolute knowledge (which Hegel identifies with his own philosophy lol).
Some links:
https://empyreantrail.wordpress.com/2016/09/12/dialectics-an-introduction/https://jonathanrexallen.wordpress.com/2013/06/30/hegels-unhappy-consciousness/[YouTube] Great Minds - Part 4 - Hegel: The Phenomenology of Geist
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